Mastercard Incorporated Reports Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2016 Financial Results

Purchase, NY- January 31, 2017 – Mastercard Incorporated (NYSE:MA) today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2016. The company reported net income of $933 million, an increase of 5%, or 4% on a currency-neutral basis and earnings per diluted share of $0.86, up 9%, or 7% on a currency-neutral basis, both versus the year-ago period. Excluding a special item in this quarter related to merchant litigation in the U.K., the company reported net income of $940 million, an increase of 6%, or 5% on a currency neutral-basis, and earnings per diluted share of $0.86, up 9%, or 7% on a currency-neutral basis, both versus the same period in 2015.

“We’re pleased to have delivered strong results for the quarter and full year, driven by solid execution of our strategy and leveraging our differentiated service offerings,” said Ajay Banga, Mastercard president and CEO. “Our continued investments in digital, safety and security, data analytics, loyalty and processing position us well for future growth in our core business and new payment flows.”

Net revenue for the fourth quarter of 2016 was $2.8 billion, an increase of 9%, or 10% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the same period in 2015. Net revenue growth was driven by the impact of the following:

An increase in switched transactions3 of 17%, to 15.2 billion; A 9% increase in gross dollar volume, on a local currency basis and adjusting for the impact of recent EU regulatory changes, to $1.2 trillion; and An increase in cross-border volumes of 13%.

These factors were partially offset by an increase in rebates and incentives, primarily due to new and renewed agreements and increased volumes. As of December 31, 2016, the company’s customers had issued 2.3 billion Mastercard and Maestro-branded cards.

Total operating expenses decreased 1% to $1.4 billion during the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 and were flat on a currency-neutral basis. Excluding the special item, total operating expenses decreased 2%, or 1% on a currency-neutral basis. The decrease reflects the impact of ongoing cost management activities offsetting our continued investments in strategic initiatives.

Operating income for the fourth quarter of 2016 increased 23%, or 22% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the year-ago period. Excluding the special item, operating income increased 24%, or 23% on a currency-neutral basis. The company delivered an operating margin of 49.4%, or 49.8% excluding the special item.

Mastercard reported other expense of $52 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, versus $82 million in the fourth quarter of 2015. The decrease was mainly due to lower impairment charges on investments in the current quarter versus the comparable period in the prior year, partially offset by increased interest expense related to the company’s recent debt offerings.

Mastercard’s effective tax rate was 28.8% in the fourth quarter of 2016, or 28.7% excluding the special item, versus a rate of 13.1% in the comparable period in 2015. The difference was primarily due to the recognition of discrete benefits in the fourth quarter of 2015.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, Mastercard repurchased approximately 11 million shares at a cost of $1.1 billion. Quarter-to-date through January 26, the company repurchased an additional 2.3 million shares at a cost of $247 million, which leaves $4.7 billion remaining under current repurchase program authorizations.

Full-Year 2016 Results

For the full-year 2016, Mastercard reported net income of $4.1 billion, an increase of 7%, or 8% on a currency-neutral basis, and earnings per diluted share of $3.69, up 10%, or 11% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the year-ago period. Excluding special items, net income was $4.1 billion, up 6%, or 7% on a currency-neutral basis. Earnings per diluted share were $3.77, up 10%, or 11% on a currency-neutral basis, compared to the same period in 2015.

Net revenue for the full-year 2016 was $10.8 billion, an increase of 11%, or 13% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the same period in 2015. Contributing to this growth were switched transactions growth of 16%, cross-border volume growth of 12% and gross dollar volume growth of 11%, on a local currency basis and adjusting for the impact of recent EU regulatory changes. These factors were partially offset by an increase in rebates and incentives.

Total operating expenses were $5.0 billion, an increase of 9%, or 11% on a currency-neutral basis, for the full-year 2016, compared to full-year 2015. Excluding special items, total operating expenses were $4.9 billion, an increase of 10%, or 12% on a currency-neutral basis. The increase was primarily due to continued investments to support strategic initiatives, lapping of the favorable impact of foreign exchange gains in 2015 and higher data processing expenses.

Operating income for the full-year 2016 was $5.8 billion, an increase of 13%, or 15% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the same period in 2015. Excluding special items, operating income was $5.9 billion, an increase of 13%, or 14% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the same period in 2015. The company delivered an operating margin of 53.5%, or 54.5% excluding special items.

Mastercard’s effective tax rate was 28.1% for the full-year 2016, versus a rate of 23.2% in 2015. Excluding special items, the effective tax rate was 28.1% for the full-year 2016, versus a rate of 23.4% in the comparable period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to the recognition of larger discrete tax benefits in 2015.

Fourth-Quarter Financial Results Conference Call Details

At 9:00 a.m. ET today, the company will host a conference call to discuss its fourth-quarter financial results.

The dial-in information for this call is 877-201-0168 (within the U.S.) and 647-788-4901 (outside the U.S.), and the passcode is 40272333. A replay of the call will be available for 30 days and can be accessed by dialing 855-859-2056 (within the U.S.) and 404-537-3406 (outside the U.S.), using passcode 40272333.

This call can also be accessed through the Investor Relations section of the company’s website at www.mastercard.com/investor. Presentation slides used on this call are also available on the website.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

The company has presented certain financial data that are considered non-GAAP financial measures that are reconciled to their most directly comparable GAAP measures in the accompanying tables.

The presentation of growth rates on a currency-neutral basis represent a non-GAAP measure and are calculated by remeasuring the prior period’s results using the current period’s exchange rates for both the translational and transactional impacts in our operating results.

About Mastercard Incorporated

Mastercard (NYSE: MA), www.mastercard.com, is a technology company in the global payments industry. We operate the world’s fastest payments processing network, connecting consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments and businesses in more than 210 countries and territories. Mastercard products and solutions make everyday commerce activities – such as shopping, traveling, running a business and managing finances – easier, more secure and more efficient for everyone. Follow us on Twitter @MastercardNews, join the discussion on the Beyond the Transaction Blog and subscribe for the latest news on the Engagement Bureau.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts may be forward-looking statements. When used in this press release, the words “believe”, “expect”, “could”, “may”, “would”, “will”, “trend” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to the Mastercard’s future prospects, developments and business strategies. We caution you to not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, as they speak only as of the date they are made. Except for the company’s ongoing obligations under the U.S. federal securities laws, the company does not intend to update or otherwise revise the forward-looking information to reflect actual results of operations, changes in financial condition, changes in estimates, expectations or assumptions, changes in general economic or industry conditions or other circumstances arising and/or existing since the preparation of this press release or to reflect the occurrence of any unanticipated events.

Many factors and uncertainties relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control, influence whether any forward-looking statements can or will be achieved. Any one of those factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in writing in any forward-looking statements made by Mastercard or on its behalf, including, but not limited to, the following factors:

payments system-related legal and regulatory challenges (including interchange fees, surcharging and the extension of current regulatory activity to additional jurisdictions or products); the impact of preferential or protective government actions; regulation to which we are subject based on our participation in the payments industry; regulation of privacy, data protection and security; the impact of competition in the global payments industry (including disintermediation and pricing pressure); the challenges relating to rapid technological developments and changes; the impact of information security failures, breaches or service disruptions on our business; issues related to our relationships with our customers (including loss of substantial business from significant customers, competitor relationships with our customers and banking industry consolidation); the impact of our relationships with stakeholders, including issuers and acquirers, merchants and governments; exposure to loss or illiquidity due to settlement guarantees and other significant third-party obligations; the impact of global economic and political events and conditions, including global financial market activity, declines in cross-border activity; negative trends in consumer spending and the effect of adverse currency fluctuation; reputational impact, including impact related to brand perception, account data breaches and fraudulent activity; issues related to acquisition integration, strategic investments and entry into new businesses; and potential or incurred liability and limitations on business resulting from litigation.

For additional information on these and other factors that could cause Mastercard’s actual results to differ materially from expected results, please see the company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and any subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K.

________________________________________________________

1

See Non-GAAP Reconciliation for details of all special items referenced in this release.

2

As noted last quarter, the company no longer charges fees on domestic EEA co-badged volume due to EU regulations implemented in June 2016, and thus excludes that volume from its metrics. The impact on net revenue is de minimis.

3 The company is introducing a new name for what was previously referred to as “processed transactions.” The company will now refer to these as “switched transactions.” The methodology for calculating this metric has not changed and reflects the transaction counts that Mastercard has authorized, cleared or settled.
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended December 31, Twelve Months Ended December 31,
2016 2015 2016 2015
(in millions, except per share data)
Net Revenue $ 2,756 $ 2,517 $ 10,776 $ 9,667
Operating Expenses
General and administrative 983 998 3,714 3,341
Advertising and marketing 308 319 811 821
Depreciation and amortization 92 93 373 366
Provision for litigation settlements 10 117 61
Total operating expenses 1,393 1,410 5,015 4,589
Operating income 1,363 1,107 5,761 5,078
Other Income (Expense)
Investment income 11 5 43 25
Interest expense (30 ) (12 ) (95 ) (61 )
Other income (expense), net (33 ) (75 ) (63 ) (84 )
Total other income (expense) (52 ) (82 ) (115 ) (120 )
Income before income taxes 1,311 1,025 5,646 4,958
Income tax expense 378 135 1,587 1,150
Net Income $ 933 $ 890 $ 4,059 $ 3,808
Basic Earnings per Share $ 0.86 $ 0.79 $ 3.70 $ 3.36
Basic Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding 1,087 1,121 1,098 1,134
Diluted Earnings per Share $ 0.86 $ 0.79 $ 3.69 $ 3.35
Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding 1,090 1,124 1,101 1,137
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(UNAUDITED)
December 31,
2016 2015
(in millions, except per share data)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,721 $ 5,747
Restricted cash for litigation settlement 543 541
Investments 1,614 991
Accounts receivable 1,416 1,079
Settlement due from customers 1,093 1,068
Restricted security deposits held for customers 991 895
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 850 663
Total Current Assets 13,228 10,984
Property, plant and equipment, net 733 675
Deferred income taxes 307 317
Goodwill 1,756 1,891
Other intangible assets, net 722 803
Other assets 1,929 1,580
Total Assets $ 18,675 $ 16,250
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payable $ 609 $ 472
Settlement due to customers 946 866
Restricted security deposits held for customers 991 895
Accrued litigation 722 709
Accrued expenses 3,318 2,763
Other current liabilities 620 564
Total Current Liabilities 7,206 6,269
Long-term debt 5,180 3,268
Deferred income taxes 81 79
Other liabilities 524 572
Total Liabilities 12,991 10,188
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity

Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 3,000 shares, 1,374 and 1,370 shares issued and
1,062 and 1,095 outstanding, respectively

Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,200 shares, 19 and 21 issued and outstanding,
respectively

Additional paid-in-capital 4,183 4,004
Class A treasury stock, at cost, 312 and 275 shares, respectively (17,021 ) (13,522 )
Retained earnings 19,418 16,222
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (924 ) (676 )
Total Stockholders’ Equity 5,656 6,028
Non-controlling interests 28 34
Total Equity 5,684 6,062
Total Liabilities and Equity $ 18,675 $ 16,250
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2016 2015 2014
(in millions)
Operating Activities
Net income $ 4,059 $ 3,808 $ 3,617
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of customer and merchant incentives 860 764 691
Depreciation and amortization 373 366 321
Share-based payments 50 22 (15 )
Deferred income taxes (20 ) (16 ) (91 )
Other 29 (81 ) 52
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable (338 ) (35 ) (164 )
Income taxes receivable (1 ) (14 ) (8 )
Settlement due from customers (10 ) (98 ) 185
Prepaid expenses (1,073 ) (802 ) (1,316 )
Accrued litigation and legal settlements 17 (63 ) (115 )
Accounts payable 145 49 61
Settlement due to customers 66 (186 ) (165 )
Accrued expenses 520 325 389
Net change in other assets and liabilities (193 ) 4 (35 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 4,484 4,043 3,407
Investing Activities
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale (957 ) (974 ) (2,385 )
Purchases of investments held-to-maturity (867 ) (918 )
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale 277 703 2,477
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale 339 542 1,358
Proceeds from maturities of investments held-to-maturity 456 857
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (215 ) (177 ) (175 )
Capitalized software (167 ) (165 ) (159 )
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (584 ) (525 )
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash for litigation settlement (2 ) (1 ) 183
Other investing activities (31 ) 2 (84 )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (1,167 ) (715 ) 690
Financing Activities
Purchases of treasury stock (3,511 ) (3,518 ) (3,386 )
Proceeds from debt 1,972 1,735 1,530
Dividends paid (837 ) (727 ) (515 )
Tax benefit for share-based payments 48 42 54
Cash proceeds from exercise of stock options 37 27 28
Other financing activities (2 ) (17 ) (50 )
Net cash used in financing activities (2,293 ) (2,458 ) (2,339 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (50 ) (260 ) (220 )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 974 610 1,538
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period 5,747 5,137 3,599
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period $ 6,721 $ 5,747 $ 5,137

MASTERCARD INCORPORATED OPERATING PERFORMANCE

For the 3 Months ended December 31, 2016
All Mastercard Credit,

GDV

Growth Growth

Purchase
Volume

Growth

Purchase
Trans.

Cash
Volume

Growth

Cash
Trans.

Accounts Cards
Charge and Debit Programs (Bil.) (USD) (Local) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Mil.) (Mil.)
APMEA $ 378 4.3 % 7.0 % $ 260 7.7 % 4,150 $ 118 5.6 % 1,282 585 621
Canada 37 9.6 % 9.3 % 36 10.0 % 542 2 -4.0 % 5 46 52
Europe 339 -1.4 % 3.9 % 214 -2.6 % 5,152 125 17.2 % 930 417 438
Latin America 90 8.2 % 14.3 % 56 16.9 % 1,750 34 10.3 % 264 151 169
Worldwide less United States 844 2.5 % 6.6 % 565 4.5 % 11,593 279 11.0 % 2,482 1,198 1,281
United States 388 2.6 % 2.6 % 333 2.7 % 6,005 54 1.7 % 326 351 388
Worldwide 1,232 2.6 % 5.3 % 898 3.8 % 17,599 333 9.4 % 2,808 1,549 1,669
Mastercard Credit and Charge Programs
Worldwide less United States 466 2.1 % 5.7 % 426 6.0 % 6,721 39 3.2 % 189 517 581
United States 189 4.2 % 4.2 % 180 3.8 % 2,066 8 13.2 % 9 166 200
Worldwide 654 2.7 % 5.3 % 607 5.3 % 8,787 48 4.8 % 198 684 781
Mastercard Debit Programs
Worldwide less United States 378 3.1 % 7.6 % 139 0.2 % 4,872 240 12.4 % 2,292 680 699
United States 199 1.1 % 1.1 % 153 1.4 % 3,940 46 -0.1 % 317 185 189
Worldwide 577 2.4 % 5.3 % 292 0.8 % 8,812 286 10.2 % 2,609 865 888
For the 12 Months ended December 31, 2016
All Mastercard Credit, GDV Growth Growth

Purchase
Volume

Growth

Purchase
Trans.

Cash
Volume

Growth

Cash
Trans.

Accounts Cards
Charge and Debit Programs (Bil.) (USD) (Local) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Mil.) (Mil.)
APMEA $ 1,480 6.7 % 10.6 % $ 995 9.6 % 14,750 $ 484 12.6 % 5,041 585 621
Canada 139 5.9 % 9.5 % 132 10.0 % 2,024 7 1.1 % 22 46 52
Europe 1,349 5.0 % 9.9 % 879 4.2 % 20,056 470 22.5 % 3,580 417 438
Latin America 325 1.5 % 14.5 % 196 15.7 % 6,447 129 12.8 % 1,004 151 169
Worldwide less United States 3,293 5.4 % 10.6 % 2,203 7.9 % 43,277 1,090 16.6 % 9,648 1,198 1,281
United States 1,535 6.1 % 6.1 % 1,312 6.4 % 24,013 223 4.6 % 1,368 351 388
Worldwide 4,827 5.6 % 9.2 % 3,514 7.3 % 67,289 1,313 14.4 % 11,015 1,549 1,669
Mastercard Credit and Charge Programs
Worldwide less United States 1,810 2.3 % 7.1 % 1,657 7.6 % 25,150 154 2.1 % 744 517 581
United States 724 6.4 % 6.4 % 693 6.2 % 7,944 32 10.9 % 37 166 200
Worldwide 2,535 3.4 % 6.9 % 2,349 7.2 % 33,093 185 3.5 % 780 684 781
Mastercard Debit Programs
Worldwide less United States 1,482 9.6 % 15.3 % 546 8.8 % 18,127 936 19.4 % 8,904 680 699
United States 810 5.8 % 5.8 % 619 6.5 % 16,069 192 3.7 % 1,331 185 189
Worldwide 2,293 8.2 % 11.8 % 1,165 7.6 % 34,196 1,128 16.4 % 10,235 865 888
For the 3 Months ended December 31, 2015
All Mastercard Credit, GDV Growth Growth

Purchase
Volume

Growth

Purchase
Trans.

Cash
Volume

Growth

Cash
Trans.

Accounts Cards
Charge and Debit Programs (Bil.) (USD) (Local) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Mil.) (Mil.)
APMEA $ 363 4.5 % 13.7 % $ 245 13.3 % 3,338 $ 117 14.3 % 1,200 513 546
Canada 34 -3.2 % 13.8 % 33 14.5 % 487 2 1.1 % 6 41 48
Europe 343 -0.6 % 15.8 % 234 13.5 % 4,935 110 21.1 % 842 384 403
Latin America 83 -14.6 % 15.1 % 47 16.1 % 1,518 36 13.8 % 249 143 162
Worldwide less United States 823 -0.3 % 14.7 % 559 13.7 % 10,278 265 16.9 % 2,297 1,082 1,159
United States 378 8.5 % 8.5 % 324 8.8 % 5,896 53 6.6 % 332 339 373
Worldwide 1,201 2.3 % 12.7 % 883 11.8 % 16,174 318 15.0 % 2,629 1,421 1,532
Mastercard Credit and Charge Programs
Worldwide less United States 456 -4.1 % 9.5 % 417 10.4 % 6,024 39 0.5 % 190 509 571
United States 181 9.3 % 9.3 % 174 8.8 % 1,993 7 20.7 % 9 159 190
Worldwide 637 -0.6 % 9.4 % 590 10.0 % 8,017 47 3.3 % 199 668 762
Mastercard Debit Programs
Worldwide less United States 367 5.0 % 21.9 % 142 24.5 % 4,255 225 20.3 % 2,107 573 588
United States 197 7.8 % 7.8 % 151 8.8 % 3,902 46 4.7 % 323 180 183
Worldwide 564 5.9 % 16.6 % 293 15.9 % 8,157 271 17.3 % 2,430 753 771
For the 12 Months ended December 31, 2015
All Mastercard Credit, GDV Growth Growth

Purchase
Volume

Growth

Purchase
Trans.

Cash
Volume

Growth

Cash
Trans.

Accounts Cards
Charge and Debit Programs (Bil.) (USD) (Local) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Bil.) (Local) (Mil.) (Mil.) (Mil.)
APMEA $ 1,387 5.7 % 14.5 % $ 934 14.7 % 12,051 $ 453 14.1 % 4,434 513 546
Canada 131 0.0 % 16.0 % 124 17.5 % 1,801 7 -5.2 % 22 41 48
Europe 1,285 -5.2 % 16.4 % 882 14.1 % 17,902 402 21.8 % 3,090 384 403
Latin America 320 -10.7 % 15.5 % 187 17.9 % 5,686 133 12.3 % 918 143 162
Worldwide less United States 3,123 -1.1 % 15.4 % 2,128 14.9 % 37,441 995 16.6 % 8,464 1,082 1,159
United States 1,446 7.5 % 7.5 % 1,233 7.7 % 22,267 213 6.2 % 1,341 339 373
Worldwide 4,569 1.5 % 12.8 % 3,361 12.1 % 59,708 1,209 14.7 % 9,805 1,421 1,532
Mastercard Credit and Charge Programs
Worldwide less United States 1,770 -3.8 % 10.6 % 1,611 11.8 % 22,514 159 0.1 % 747 509 571
United States 681 7.5 % 7.5 % 652 7.4 % 7,346 28 11.1 % 34 159 190
Worldwide 2,451 -0.9 % 9.7 % 2,264 10.5 % 29,860 187 1.6 % 781 668 762
Mastercard Debit Programs
Worldwide less United States 1,353 2.7 % 22.4 % 516 25.8 % 14,927 837 20.4 % 7,717 573 588
United States 766 7.5 % 7.5 % 581 8.1 % 14,921 185 5.5 % 1,308 180 183
Worldwide 2,119 4.4 % 16.5 % 1,097 15.8 % 29,848 1,022 17.4 % 9,025 753 771
APMEA = Asia Pacific / Middle East / Africa
Note that the figures in the preceding tables may not sum due to rounding; growth represents change from the comparable year-ago period

Footnote

The tables set forth the gross dollar volume (“GDV”), purchase volume, cash volume and the number of purchase transactions, cash transactions, accounts and cards on a regional and global basis for Mastercard™-branded cards. Growth rates over prior periods are provided for volume-based data.

Debit transactions on Maestro® and Cirrus®-branded cards and transactions involving brands other than Mastercard are not included in the preceding tables.

For purposes of the table: GDV represents purchase volume plus cash volume and includes the impact of balance transfers and convenience checks; “purchase volume” means the aggregate dollar amount of purchases made with Mastercard-branded cards for the relevant period; and “cash volume” means the aggregate dollar amount of cash disbursements obtained with Mastercard-branded cards for the relevant period. The number of cards includes virtual cards, which are Mastercard-branded payment accounts that do not generally have physical cards associated with them.

The Mastercard payment product is comprised of credit, charge and debit programs, and data relating to each type of program is included in the tables. Debit programs include Mastercard-branded debit programs where the primary means of cardholder validation at the point of sale is for cardholders either to sign a sales receipt or enter a PIN. The tables include information with respect to transactions involving Mastercard-branded cards that are not switched by Mastercard and transactions for which Mastercard does not earn significant revenues.

Information denominated in U.S. dollars is calculated by applying an established U.S. dollar/local currency exchange rate for each local currency in which Mastercard volumes are reported. These exchange rates are calculated on a quarterly basis using the average exchange rate for each quarter. Mastercard reports period-over-period rates of change in purchase volume and cash volume on the basis of local currency information, in order to eliminate the impact of changes in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar in calculating such rates of change.

The data set forth in the GDV, purchase volume, purchase transactions, cash volume and cash transactions columns is provided by Mastercard customers and is subject to verification by Mastercard and partial cross-checking against information provided by Mastercard’s transaction processing systems. The data set forth in the accounts and cards columns is provided by Mastercard customers and is subject to certain limited verification by Mastercard. A portion of the data set forth in the accounts and cards columns reflects the impact of routine portfolio changes among customers and other practices that may lead to over counting of the underlying data in certain circumstances. All data is subject to revision and amendment by Mastercard’s customers subsequent to the date of its release.

Performance information for prior periods can be found in the “Investor Relations” section of the Mastercard website at www.mastercard.com/investor.

Non-GAAP Reconciliations

($ in millions, except per share data)

Three Months Ended December 31,

Percent
Increase/(Decrease)

2016 2015
Actual

Special
Item

Non-
GAAP 1

Actual Actual

Special
Item

Non-
GAAP 1

Operating expenses $ 1,393 $ (10 ) $ 1,383 $ 1,410 (1)% 1% (2)%
Operating income $ 1,363 $ 10 $ 1,373 $ 1,107 23% (1)% 24%
Operating margin 49.4 % 49.8 % 44.0 %
Income tax expense $ 378 $ 3 $ 381 $ 135 180% (2)% 182%
Effective income tax rate 28.8 % 28.7 % 13.1 %
Net income $ 933 $ 7 $ 940 $ 890 5% (1)% 6%
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.86 $ $ 0.86 $ 0.79 9% —% 9%
Twelve Months Ended December 31,

Percent
Increase/(Decrease)

2016 2015
Actual

Special
Items

Non-
GAAP 1

Actual

Special
Items

Non-
GAAP 1,2

Actual

Special
Items

Non-
GAAP 1,2

Operating expenses $ 5,015 $ (117 ) $ 4,898 $ 4,589 $ (140 ) $ 4,449 9% (1)% 10%
Operating income $ 5,761 $ 117 $ 5,878 $ 5,078 $ 140 $ 5,218 13% 1% 13%
Operating margin 53.5 % 54.5 % 52.5 % 54.0 %
Income tax expense $ 1,587 $ 32 $ 1,619 $ 1,150 $ 45 $ 1,195 38% 3% 35%
Effective income tax rate 28.1 % 28.1 % 23.2 % 23.4 %
Net income $ 4,059 $ 85 $ 4,144 $ 3,808 $ 95 $ 3,903 7% —% 6%
Diluted earnings per share $ 3.69 $ 0.08 $ 3.77 $ 3.35 $ 0.08 $ 3.43 10% —% 10%
Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding
1 Represents effect of excluding the Special Items relating to the U.K. merchant litigation provisions (Q4 2016: $10 million pre-tax, $7 million after-tax, $0.01 per diluted share; Q2 2016: $107 million pre-tax, $78 million after-tax, $0.07 per diluted share; Q2 2015: $61 million pre-tax, $44 million after-tax, $0.04 per diluted share)
2 Represents effect of excluding the Special Item relating to the termination of the U.S. employee pension plan (Q3 2015: $79 million pre-tax, $50 million after-tax, $0.04 per diluted share)

Article 8 Impacts on Europe and Worldwide GDV and Purchase Volume Growth Rates

Growth (Local Currency)
2015Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4 2016Q1 2016Q2 2016Q3 2016Q4 FY 2015 FY 2016
GDV
Europe as reported 15% 17% 17% 16% 18% 14% 5% 4% 16% 10%
Europe adjusted for Article 8 19% 20% 20% 18% 20% 19% 18% 17% 19% 18%
Worldwide as reported 12% 13% 13% 13% 13% 12% 7% 5% 13% 9%
Worldwide adjusted for Article 8 13% 14% 14% 13% 14% 13% 11% 9% 13% 11%
Purchase Volume
Europe as reported 13% 15% 15% 13% 15% 9% (3)% (3)% 14% 4%
Europe adjusted for Article 8 18% 19% 18% 16% 16% 16% 16% 16% 18% 16%
Worldwide as reported 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 9% 5% 4% 12% 7%
Worldwide adjusted for Article 8 13% 13% 13% 12% 12% 11% 9% 8% 13% 10%

Note:

Article 8 of the EU Interchange Fee Regulation related to card payments, that became effective June 9, 2016, states that a network can no longer charge fees on domestic EEA payment transactions that do not use its payment brand. Prior to that, Mastercard collected a de minimis assessment fee in a few countries, particularly France, on transactions with Mastercard co-badged cards if the brands of domestic networks (as opposed to Mastercard) were used. As a result, the non-Mastercard co-badged volume is no longer being included.
To aid in understanding the underlying trends in the business, the table above reflects adjusted 2015 and 2016 growth rates for the impact of Article 8, by eliminating the related co-badged volumes in prior periods.
Original author: Seth Eisen