India has planned to spend around USD 320 million to promote cards in RuPay and for low-value UPI transaction to stir the growth of its national payments network. New Delhi approved a plan to spend USD 318.

4 million for the promotion of RuPay debit cards and low-value person-to-merchant transactions on UPI during the period the financial year ending in March 2023. Offering incentives for promoting usage Under the said scheme, acquiring banks will be provided financial incentives for promoting Point-of-Sale (PoS) and ecommerce transactions using RuPay Debit Cards and low-value BHIM-UPI transactions (P2M) for the financial year FY 2022-23, government officials said in a statement. The Narendra Modi-led government’s move is an attempt to assuage the concerns of banks that have questioned the financial viability of the UPI network.

UPI, a six-year-old payments network built by a coalition of banks, has become one of the most popular ways Indians transact online. The payments service fetches money directly from banks, removing the reliance on any intermediary. At the same time, it operates on zero merchant discount rate, while tiny fees on transactions is one of the main sources of income for banks and card companies.

Questioning the zero MDR policy Various stakeholder in the digital payments systems and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) expressed concerns regarding potential adverse impact of the zero MDR regime on the growth of the digital payments ecosystem. Further, the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) requested, among other things, for incentivisation of BHIM-UPI and RuPay Debit Card transactions to create a cost- effective value proposition for ecosystem stakeholders, increase merchant acceptance footprints, and faster migration from cash payments to digital payments, New Delhi said. Fintech experts argued that the zero MDR has been a key reason for growth of digital payments in India, as offline merchants are happy to receive money without any deductions while India is a value-conscious market.

The MDR and high upfront and subscription costs is one of the reasons why POS machines and card payments hadn’t gained big ground in India until UPI came along. Since Visa/Mastercard would not agree to zero MDR, India created its own network with UPI and RuPay (on cards) where the government mandated zero MDR, so that small merchants start accepting digital payments and we don’t end up losing 0. 25% of India’s GDP to American companies Mastercard and Visa.

What exactly is RuPay? RuPay is India’s homegrown card network, which is promoted by the National Payments Corporation of India, a special body of RBI that also oversees UPI payments. The central bank, which has pushed international giants Visa, Mastercard, and American Express to store Indian data locally in the country, has made a series of attempts to expand the reach of RuPay in the South Asian market. RuPay is the only payments network whose credit cards today support linking to UPI.

But even as RuPay has made significant progress in making inroads with debit cards, credit cards on its network are struggling. Several banks, including HDFC, have shown little interest in issuing RuPay credit cards because it is eroding their profit-making ability, according to two people familiar with the matter. Tata Neu’s RuPay credit card, issued by HDFC, doesn’t support linking to UPI, for instance.

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